refactor: make lambda expression types immutable

- Change Abstraction, Application, and Variable to use private fields with getter methods
- Return value types instead of pointers from constructors
- Update all type switches to match value types instead of pointer types
- Remove pointer equality optimizations (not applicable with immutable values)
- Return empty set instead of nil from GetFreeVariables default case

pkg/interpreter/events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package interpreter
+
+// Event represents lifecycle events during interpretation.
+type Event int
+
+const (
+	// StartEvent is emitted before interpretation begins.
+	StartEvent Event = iota
+	// StepEvent is emitted after each interpretation step.
+	StepEvent
+	// StopEvent is emitted after interpretation completes.
+	StopEvent
+)